A genomic study by Queensland University of Technology (QUT) researchers, published in Cell Reports, has found a link between higher triglyceride levels and increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
Triglycerides are a biomarker for cardiovascular disease and the findings of this study suggest that lipid-lowering medications or statins could help treat those at high risk of developing severe COVID.
Professor Dale Nyholt, from the QUT Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, says a key finding was that one of the 344 studied blood analytes had widespread shared genetic influences with COVID-19 causing an increased risk of severe COVID-19.
“The high genetic causality proportion of 0.82 indicates that increased triglyceride levels are causal for severe COVID-19 disease,” Professor Nyholt said.
“This fits with the observation that hospitalised patients who died or were in ICU had significantly higher levels of triglycerides compared to those who were discharged or had a mild case.
“Our finding provides a genetic explanation for the greater severity of disease for people with higher triglycerides and supports the use of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins and fibrates against severe COVID-19.”
Research team member PhD candidate Hamzeh Mesrian Tanha says they had used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to search for shared genetic influences between severe COVID-19 and blood analytes at the levels of the genome, gene, and differences in a single DNA base.
GWAS enable screening of the genome of many thousands of people to look for associations between millions of genetic variants and different diseases, with the goal of identifying genetic factors underlying disease conditions.
“Our analyses genetically linked blood levels of 71 analytes to severe COVID-19 in at least one of the three levels of investigation, suggesting common biological mechanisms or causal relationships,” Mr Tanha said.
“Of those 71 analytes, we found six that showed evidence of shared influence with severe COVID-19 at all three levels, among these only triglycerides showed causality.”
Mr Tanha says a recent study of COVID-19 patients in hospital treated with statins had fewer deaths compared with a group of those who did not receive this treatment.
“However, retrospective studies have produced conflicting results on the protective effect of the prior use of statins. This could be partially explained by the presence of other medical conditions in statin users.
“Therefore, our results provide important clarity and support targeted reduction of triglycerides to help prevent severe COVID-19.”
