Regular use of glucosamine supplements may be related to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, according to an analysis of data from the UK Biobank study, published in BMJ.
The findings suggest that glucosamine may have benefits in preventing CVD events, such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and further clinical trials are needed to test this theory, say the researchers.
Glucosamine, an amino sugar, is a popular dietary supplement used to relieve osteoarthritis and joint pain. While its effectiveness in relieving joint pain continues to be debated, emerging evidence suggests that glucosamine may have a role in preventing CVD and reducing mortality. While the findings suggest a possible preventive role, further trials are needed to test this theory and conclusive evidence is still lacking
To explore these potential associations further, researchers led by Professor Lu Qi at Tulane University in the US city of New Orleans drew on data from the UK Biobank, a large population based study of more than half a million British men and women.
Their analysis included 466,039 participants without CVD, who completed a questionnaire on supplement use, including glucosamine.
Death certificates and hospital records were then used to monitor CVD events, including CVD death, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, over an average seven-year follow-up period.
Overall, 19.3 per cent of participants reported glucosamine use at the start of the study.
The researchers found that glucosamine use was associated with a 15 per cent lower risk of total CVD events, and a nine to 22 per cent lower risk of CHD, stroke, and CVD death compared with no use.
These favourable associations remained after taking account of traditional risk factors, including age, sex, weight (BMI), ethnicity, lifestyle, diet, medication and other supplement use.
The association between glucosamine use and CHD was also stronger in current smokers (37 per cent lower risk) compared with those who have never smoked (12 per cent) and former smokers (18 per cent).
Several mechanisms may explain these results, say the authors. For example, regular use of glucosamine has been linked to a reduction in levels of C-reactive protein, a chemical associated with inflammation. This may also help to explain the stronger association among smokers, who have higher levels of inflammation and higher risk of CVD than non-smokers.
Despite the large sample size, this is an observational study and as such can’t establish cause, with the researchers pointing to some limitations, such as lack of information on dose, duration, and side effects of glucosamine use.
The authors conclude that “habitual use of glucosamine supplements to relieve osteoarthritis pain might also be related to lower risks of CVD events. Further clinical trials are warranted to test this hypothesis”.
