A new study has found that a high Body Mass Index (BMI) in toddlers of two to three years of age is associated with poor heart health at 11-12 years.
Led by the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI), the study found Australian children who were obese or overweight very early in life already show evidence by age 11-12 years of stiffer arteries, thickened arterial lining and are a high risk of later developing metabolic syndrome. This worsened the longer these young children were overweight or obese.
“Public health efforts are needed in the very early years to prevent problems with obesity and being overweight, to avoid the risk of adolescent and adult cardiovascular disease,” MCRI Professor Melissa Wake says.
“Our findings are in line with the World Health Organization’s calls for urgent collaborative action to address the matter through systems-based approaches and policy implementation.
“Such policies include increasing taxes on processed foods high in fat and sugar, safer and improved public transport and walking to school pathways and making community-based sporting activities more affordable and accessible.”
MCRI Dr Kate Lycett said until now little was known about when and how early life BMI impacted heart health in childhood and most studies have previously just looked at standard risk factors such as blood pressure alone.
“Previous studies have tended to rely on a single BMI measurement in childhood and then examined subsequent heart health outcomes in adulthood,” she says.
“This overlooks the considerable BMI changes as part of normal childhood growth.”
The study involved 1811 children from the longitudinal study of Australian children whose weight and height were measured every two years (age 0-1 to 9-10 years) to determine cardiovascular disease risk scores.
At age 11-12, the participants underwent further health checks looking at blood pressure, blood vessel health, cholesterol and glucose levels.
Dr Lycett says the obesity epidemic is a major threat to public health.
“This public health crisis threatens the modest decline in cardiovascular deaths in developed countries, which has largely been achieved through preventive efforts focused on cardiovascular risk factors,” she says.
“Policy changes to reign in this epidemic require strong support from the clinical community if they are to be realised.”
